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{"id":2344,"date":"2026-01-30T16:39:11","date_gmt":"2026-01-30T14:39:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scienceclubacademy.com\/?p=2344"},"modified":"2026-03-01T00:05:21","modified_gmt":"2026-02-28T22:05:21","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceclubacademy.com\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0629 | \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a | 01027550208"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0644 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span> \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 <\/span><\/span>\u062c\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b. \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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1. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/span><\/span> \u0648<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a).<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a).<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/span> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 “\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a”\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a” \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a” \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

2. \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629: \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0623. \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 (Closed-ended Questions):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0639\u0645\/\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 (Open-ended Questions):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0628. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 (Rating Scales): \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a (Likert Scale)<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a (3 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a (4 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f” \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a (5 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a (7 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 (\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

3. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a: \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 (\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 (Validity)<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0648<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (Reliability)<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0623. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 (Validity): \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0647\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 (Content Validity):<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 5-10 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (Construct Validity):<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a (Factor Analysis)<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643 (Criterion-Related Validity):<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 (\u0645\u062d\u0643).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\"\"<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (Reliability): \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (Internal Consistency):<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e (Cronbach’s Alpha)<\/span><\/span><\/span>. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b <\/span><\/span><\/span>0.70<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (Test-Retest):<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e) \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

1. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629: \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a) \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a (\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062f) \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b (\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0629).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

2. \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0623. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a:<\/span><\/span><\/span> Google Forms\u060c SurveyMonkey\u060c Qualtrics.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645: \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u0649<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n
\"\"<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

1. \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (Data Cleaning and Preparation)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
1.<\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (Coding):<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 = 5\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 = 1).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
2.<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 (Missing Data):<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
3.<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0630\u0629 (Outliers):<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
4.<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a (Normality Test):<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

2. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b: SPSS \u0648 AMOS<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0623. \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 “\u062a” (T-Test) \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (ANOVA) \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 (Pearson Correlation)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f (Regression).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0628. \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structures):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Structural Equation Modeling – SEM)<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 (Causal Models) \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a – Confirmatory Factor Analysis – CFA).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 AMOS \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

3. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 (\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 SPSS)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 (Pearson\/Spearman)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 “\u062a” (T-Test)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (ANOVA)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f (Multiple Regression)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 (SEM) – AMOS<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (P-value)<\/span><\/span><\/span>. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 P \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 0.05)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0646\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646. \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062c\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

1. \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a (CFA):<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c AMOS \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

2. \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 SPSS:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (T-Test, ANOVA, Regression) \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 AMOS:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 (SEM) \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n
\n

“\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629.”<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631: 01027550208<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633: \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b (SEO) \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b (SEO)<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

1. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 (Keyword Strategy)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/span> “\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627”.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 (Long-tail Keywords):<\/span><\/span><\/span> “\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0629”\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a SPSS \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629”\u060c “\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a”.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a (H1).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 (H2, H3).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 (\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 1-2%).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

2. \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 (Readability)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a SEO. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0648 SEO<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 H2 \u0648 H3 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 4-5 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0631.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0642 (Bold)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0648<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span>).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

3. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 (Internal and External Links)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 “\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a” (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 SPSS \u0623\u0648 AMOS).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633: \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 (SEM)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 (3500 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629)\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

1. \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 (SEM)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0623. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 (Latent Variables):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629). \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0628. \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c SEM:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
\n
1.<\/span><\/span>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (Measurement Model):<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 (\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646). \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a (CFA)<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
2.<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a (Structural Model):<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

2. \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (Model Fit Indices)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c AMOS\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
Chi-Square \/ df<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 3 (\u0648\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 2)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
CFI (Comparative Fit Index)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
0.90 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u0648\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 0.95 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
TLI (Tucker-Lewis Index)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
0.90 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u0648\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 0.95 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0640 CFI\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
0.08 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644 (\u0648\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 0.05 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062c\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0648<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

1. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 (Online\/Offline) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

2. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a (Cultural Validity)<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Back-Translation)<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\"\"<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

3. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (SPSS, AMOS) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644:<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0648<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (Call to Action)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0625\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062c\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642. <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0647\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0648<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span><\/span>SPSS<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0648<\/span><\/span><\/span>AMOS<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n

\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644:<\/span><\/span><\/span> 01027550208<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639:<\/span><\/span><\/span> scienceclubacademy.com<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>[1] Drasah. (2025). 5 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>[2] Maktabtk. (2022). \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2022<\/span><\/span>[3] Science Club Academy. (n.d.). \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 … <\/i>\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2348,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[200],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2344","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-200"],"yoast_head":"\n\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a-\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627-\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceclubacademy.com\/ar\/\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a-\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627-\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644-\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0629 | \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a | 01027550208\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a-\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627-\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 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content=\"2026-01-30T14:39:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-28T22:05:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/scienceclubacademy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/team_final-1024x683.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"683\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"24 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceclubacademy.com\\\/%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scienceclubacademy.com\\\/%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a 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